Evaluation of Male Infertility
Evaluation of Male Infertility
The evaluation of male infertility is a systematic process to identify factors affecting sperm production, quality, and transport. Early diagnosis helps in selecting the right treatment and improving chances of conception through natural or assisted methods.
When is Evaluation Needed? (Indications)
- Inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse
- Low sperm count or poor motility in previous tests
- History of testicular injury, surgery, or infection
- Hormonal imbalance or sexual dysfunction
- Genetic disorders or family history of infertility
Diagnostic Evaluation Process
1. Medical History & Physical Examination
- Past illnesses, medications, and lifestyle habits
- Examination of testes, epididymis, and vas deferens
2. Semen Analysis (Primary Test)
- Sperm count
- Motility (movement)
- Morphology (shape)
- Semen volume and pH
3. Hormonal Testing
- FSH, LH, Testosterone levels
- Prolactin and Thyroid levels if needed
4. Scrotal Ultrasound
Detects varicocele, testicular abnormalities, or blockages
5. Genetic Testing (if required)
Karyotyping or Y-chromosome microdeletion test
6. Advanced Tests (if required)
- Sperm DNA fragmentation test
- Testicular biopsy in severe cases
Common Causes Identified
- Low sperm count (oligospermia)
- Poor motility (asthenospermia)
- Abnormal sperm shape (teratospermia)
- Varicocele
- Hormonal imbalance
- Blocked sperm ducts
Treatment Options Based on Findings
- Medication to improve sperm production
- Surgical correction of varicocele
- Lifestyle changes (stop smoking, reduce alcohol, healthy diet)
- IUI or IVF/ICSI if required
A thorough male infertility evaluation ensures accurate diagnosis and helps guide the most effective fertility treatment plan.
